Health-related quality of life deficits associated with varying degrees of disease severity in type 2 diabetes

Table 2 Comparison of adjusted mean^a (95% CI) HRQL scores for treatment regimen for diabetes

	Diet Only (n = 55–60)^b	Oral Medication (n = 141–158)^b	Insulin Alone or with oral medication (n = 63–76)^b	Adjusted Mean Difference (95% CI) for largest difference between groups
RAND 12
PHC ^d	45.11	43.98	41.01	4.10 (0.49–7.72) ^c
MHC ^e	47.00	44.92	43.23	3.77 (0.31–7.23) ^c
Health Utilities Index
HUI3 Overall Utility^f	0.68	0.64	0.61	0.07 (-0.04–0.17)
HUI3 Single Attribute Utility Scores
Utility Scores
Vision^f	0.94	0.91	0.87	0.07 (0.02–0.12) ^c
Ambulation^g	0.93	0.94	0.91	0.03 (-0.05-0.04)
Dexterity	0.96	0.97	0.94	0.03 (-0.02–0.07)
Emotion ^h	0.93	0.88	0.86	0.07 (0.002–0.13) ^c
Cognition ⁱ	0.91	0.89	0.90	0.02 (-0.30-0.07)
Pain ^f	0.80	0.84	0.76	0.08 (0.012–0.15) ^c

a Covariates included income, age, BMI, First Nations Status, sex and education b n varied depending on number of individuals with missing data for each global, single attribute utility, and health composite score c p < 0.05 d Statistically significant covariates (p < 0.05) included high school graduation, income and BMI e Statistically significant covariates (p < 0.05) included BMI f Statistically significant covariates (p < 0.05) included income g Statistically significant covariates (p < 0.05) included BMI and age h Statistically significant covariates (p < 0.05) included First Nations Status i Statistically significant covariates (p < 0.05) included high school graduation

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